Two Israeli Children Develop Severe Anemia After Eating Egyptian Falafel Containing Fava Beans

Within ten days, two Israeli children returning from vacations in Egypt were treated for acute anemia caused by rapid destruction of red blood cells. Both children, unrelated and from families with a history of G6PD enzyme deficiency, developed the condition after consuming Egyptian falafel, known as taamiya, which is traditionally made from fava beans. The children and their families were unaware of the falafel's main ingredient, leading to dangerous health complications.

Dr. Reizi Gruda-Zusman, a senior pediatric hematology-oncology physician at Rambam Medical Center, treated both cases. The first child, about 12 years old, arrived with jaundice, dark urine, and significantly low hemoglobin. Although the family knew of a G6PD deficiency in relatives, they were unaware the child was sensitive and believed they had avoided fava beans during the trip. Upon investigation, Dr. Gruda-Zusman discovered that Egyptian falafel is made entirely from fava beans, not chickpeas as commonly assumed.

A few days later, an 8-year-old boy was admitted with similar symptoms after eating the same type of falafel. His family was aware of his fava bean sensitivity and had tried to avoid exposure, but did not know the Egyptian falafel contained fava beans. This child required a blood transfusion during hospitalization. His two-year-old brother also consumed a small amount and showed low hemoglobin but did not need hospitalization.

G6PD enzyme protects red blood cells from oxidative damage. Deficiency can cause hemolysis when exposed to triggers like fava beans, resulting in acute anemia, jaundice, and dark urine. Young children are particularly vulnerable, and severe cases may require hospitalization and blood transfusions. Dr. Gruda-Zusman emphasized the importance of knowing food ingredients, especially when sensitivities exist, both abroad and domestically.

Summary: Two Israeli children with G6PD deficiency developed severe anemia after unknowingly eating Egyptian falafel made from fava beans during vacations in Egypt, requiring hospitalization and treatment at Rambam Medical Center.