Houthis Developing Advanced Missiles Using Chinese Components, Report Claims

A new report indicates that the Houthi rebels in Yemen are attempting to domestically produce advanced, medium-range ballistic missiles using components sourced from China. This technological advancement, detailed in a report by the Conflict Armament Research (CAR) organization, could significantly increase the threat posed by the Iran-backed group. According to CAR, which investigates weapon use and supply chains, the Houthis have imported various components from a Chinese supplier necessary for manufacturing a version of Iran's powerful Kheibar Shekan missile. This missile is projected to have a range of up to 1,930 kilometers, potentially enabling it to strike targets across Saudi Arabia and Israel.

CAR's findings are based on information provided by Yemeni authorities, who intercepted two shipments last year containing concealed missile production equipment. Fabian Hinz, a senior analyst at CAR, stated that while the shipments suggest potential ongoing production, the exact progress remains unclear due to the Houthis' well-concealed weapon manufacturing facilities. The Kheibar Shekan missile is noted for its maneuverability, allowing it to evade air defense systems, and some versions feature a detachable warhead that can adjust course in its final approach.

Mohammed Al-Basha, founder of the risk consultancy Basha Report, observed that the Houthis have become more self-sufficient in weapon production, moving beyond their previous reliance on Iran and Hezbollah. He noted their development of local manufacturing capabilities, integration of artificial intelligence in drone and missile software, diversified supply chains, and established connections with smugglers and international procurement networks.

Despite being designated a terrorist organization by the U.S. and subject to a UN arms embargo, the Houthis have expanded ties with China and other suppliers. UN reports and arms expert data suggest Chinese companies are the primary source of goods intercepted en route to the Houthis, with many sanctioned drone component suppliers based in China. Henry Thompson, a former expert on the UN Panel of Experts on Yemen, indicated that evidence suggests the Houthis have been importing solid-fuel ballistic missile components from China for at least two years, potentially making them a more significant threat with greater payload capacity.

China maintains it complies with the UN embargo, though some imported components are dual-use. Michael Knights, head of research at Horizon Engage, suggested that China's role implies a lack of willingness or capability to monitor the end-use of its dual-use technologies. The U.S. previously accused a Chinese firm of aiding the Houthis in Red Sea attacks. The intercepted components include specifically manufactured metal parts for missile engines and bodies, stabilizing fins, and solid-fuel rocket motors consistent with the Kheibar Shekan series. Yemeni authorities also seized tools, testing equipment, and raw materials.