Yemen's Houthis Developing Mid-Range Ballistic Missiles With Chinese Parts

Yemeni Houthi rebels are attempting to independently produce modern, medium-range ballistic missiles using components sourced from China, according to a new report. If successful, this capability would significantly increase the threat posed to Israel and Saudi Arabia by the Iran-backed group. The research, detailed by the organization Conflict Armament Research (CAR), indicates the Houthis have imported a wide range of parts from China to build a local version of Iran's powerful "Khaibar-Shekan" precision missile. The Wall Street Journal, which reviewed the findings, suggests this technological advancement could substantially boost the group's military power. The missile's estimated range of approximately 1,930 kilometers (1,200 miles) would place all of Saudi Arabia and Israel within its strike zone. The "Khaibar-Shekan," first unveiled by Iran in 2022, is described as relatively inexpensive, mobile, and highly accurate, with the ability to alter its trajectory to evade air defense systems. Some modifications reportedly allow the warhead to separate and maneuver independently. The CAR report is based on information provided by Yemeni authorities in July, who intercepted two shipments of missile production equipment disguised among other goods last year. Senior CAR analyst Fabian Hinz stated that the scale of the imports suggests the Houthis are either already producing these missiles or are in the process of establishing production, though the exact status is difficult to ascertain due to the rebels' efforts to conceal their weapons facilities. Intercepted components included specialized metal parts for the missile body and engine, flight stabilizers, solid-fuel engine elements, tools, testing equipment, and materials for thermal protection. Shipping documents implicated a Chinese metallurgical company specializing in aerospace and aviation parts, though its name was not disclosed. Analysts and officials note that the missile can reach speeds of around 9,650 kilometers per hour (6,000 mph) in its terminal phase. Mohammed al-Basha, founder of risk assessment firm Basha Report, observed that the Houthis have become increasingly self-sufficient in weapons production, moving beyond earlier reliance on Iran and Hezbollah. He added that the group is integrating artificial intelligence into drone and missile software, diversifying supply chains, and building international smuggling networks. UN data and arms specialist findings identify Chinese companies as the primary source of intercepted shipments intended for the Houthis, with most drone component suppliers also based in China. Henry Thompson, a former expert for the UN Panel of Experts on Yemen, stated there is evidence of the Houthis importing solid-fuel ballistic missile components from China for at least two years, enabling strikes on remote Saudi areas with heavier warheads. Beijing denies violating the UN arms embargo, but some components appear specifically designed for military missile applications. The Director of the Strategic Assessment Program at Horizon Engage, Director of the Strategic Assessment Program at Horizon Engage, commented that the findings highlight China's potential inability or unwillingness to control the end-use of its technology. These developments coincide with recent escalations in Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia, aimed at pressuring Riyadh to lift a blockade, and ongoing Iranian attacks on shipping in the Strait of Hormuz, which have driven up oil prices and drawn criticism from former U.S. President Donald Trump.