US Intelligence Warns Saudi Arabia May Pursue Nuclear Weapons

U.S. intelligence agencies have presented classified documents to Congress indicating that Saudi Arabia has not ruled out the possibility of developing nuclear weapons in the future. This assessment significantly heightens concerns about a potential regional arms race in the Middle East.

The core of the controversy lies in a nuclear cooperation agreement being advanced by the Trump administration, which would permit American companies to lead civilian nuclear projects in the Kingdom valued at tens of billions of dollars. This deal could allow for uranium enrichment up to 20% within Saudi Arabia.

Many Democratic lawmakers are fiercely opposing the agreement, warning that it creates a pathway for Saudi enrichment capabilities that could be diverted for military purposes. Senators Ed Markey and Jeff Merkley have expressed strong objections, with Merkley stating the deal is "completely phony" and questioning why Saudi Arabia would pursue local enrichment and reprocessing power if not intending to develop nuclear weapons.

The State Department, however, defends the agreement, asserting that the U.S. does not support Saudi nuclear weapons development and is promoting pragmatic civilian cooperation. Saudi Arabia's Energy Minister, Prince Abdulaziz bin Salman, has previously stated the program would be "peaceful" and conducted with "the highest levels of responsibility and transparency."

Despite these assurances, experts are concerned that the lack of a requirement for Saudi Arabia to adopt the International Atomic Energy Agency's Additional Protocol will hinder effective monitoring of its nuclear facilities. These fears are amplified by past statements from Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who declared in 2018 that Saudi Arabia would pursue nuclear weapons if Iran did.

Lawmakers and experts also warn that ongoing regional tensions and Iran's nuclear program could accelerate the collapse of non-proliferation regimes. Additionally, Democrats have raised questions about potential financial gains for individuals close to the administration, such as Jared Kushner. Legislators plan to introduce bills to block the agreement during its three-month congressional review period, though a presidential veto is possible, especially given President Trump's emphasis on full normalization between Saudi Arabia and Israel as a prerequisite.