QACs in Cleaning Products Linked to Health Concerns, Experts Urge Caution

Research initially focused on Bisphenol A (BPA) and its link to infertility in mice, stemming from damaged plastic lab containers. This led Professor Patricia Hunt of Washington State University to investigate other chemicals, eventually focusing on quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), commonly found in disinfectants and cleaning agents.

While QACs are widely used in homes, schools, and hospitals, Israeli physician and researcher Professor Ofir Lavon from Carmel Hospital in Haifa emphasizes that not all QACs pose the same risk. He distinguishes between limited-use disinfectants and general household cleaners, noting that most concerns are tied to the former.

Studies over the past decade have raised concerns about QACs potentially affecting immunity, the respiratory system, hormones, and brain development. Some research has detected QACs in human blood, breast milk, and urine. A 2024 study on human tissues suggested QACs might damage myelin-producing cells, crucial for nerve signal transmission. However, Professor Lavon cautions that detection does not equate to harm, stressing the limited human studies and unclear links to disease, especially at typical exposure levels.

Concerns about reproductive harm arose from studies showing severe birth defects in mouse embryos and reduced reproductive capacity in mice exposed to QACs. These studies also indicated placental damage and increased inflammation. However, Professor Lavon states there is no current evidence that typical household use of QACs threatens pregnancy or fetuses, and claims of negative impacts on fertility are hypotheses, not proven facts.

The primary risks associated with QACs involve direct contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes, potentially causing irritation or inflammation. Individuals with respiratory conditions like asthma are advised to use sprays cautiously, ensure good ventilation, and opt for wiping surfaces rather than spraying into the air. For young children, who may have higher exposure levels relative to their weight and are closer to contaminated surfaces, reducing disinfection and rinsing surfaces after cleaning is recommended.

QACs are prevalent in Israeli cleaning products, including surface disinfectants, antibacterial wipes, and laundry detergents. Their use surged during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to increased levels in household dust and human blood. Despite widespread use, global regulatory bodies have not issued warnings against typical household application. Professor Lavon advises against panic, stating that regular cleaning with soap and water is often sufficient, and disinfectants should be reserved for specific needs like illness or compromised immunity. He recommends following manufacturer instructions, ensuring ventilation, using protective gear, and rinsing surfaces after disinfection, suggesting alternatives like alcohol-based or mild acid solutions when disinfection is necessary.