Secret Annex in Israel-Lebanon Gas Deal Could Reshape Middle East Economy

A confidential annex to the gas agreement between Israel and Lebanon reportedly contains significant economic and security provisions that could alter the regional landscape. The United States is pushing to reopen the gas deal, aiming to resolve the maritime border dispute near Rosh Hanikra and promote a mega-project to transform Haifa port into a major export hub to Europe.

Lebanese reports suggest the annex goes beyond dismantling Hezbollah's military capabilities in southern Lebanon. It allegedly demands the complete disbandment of Hezbollah, including outlawing the organization and dismantling all its institutions nationwide, not just its armed wing. The plan reportedly includes collecting weapons, destroying military infrastructure, and neutralizing Hezbollah’s operational abilities throughout Lebanon.

Israel and the US are said to seek cooperation with Lebanese authorities to identify and monitor Hezbollah operatives, commanders, and fighters, especially those trained or previously engaged in combat. The goal is to prevent their return to their communities, including villages in so-called "trial zones" or areas from which Israel plans to withdraw.

The "trial zones" concept has faced challenges, partly due to Israel’s refusal to retreat from the "yellow line" area, which it intends to convert into a security or economic zone. Economically, the talks also focus on border demarcation, gas rights, and export routes, with the US possibly insisting on direct economic negotiations between Lebanon and Israel.

Additionally, the involvement of a constitutional and legal expert in the delegation hints at potential discussions about changing Lebanon’s legal framework. This could involve repealing laws that define Israel as an enemy state and prohibit Lebanese citizens from engaging with Israelis. Since some of these laws are embedded in Lebanon’s constitution, significant legal reforms or constitutional amendments may be required.

These details are based on Lebanese sources and have not been officially confirmed by Lebanon, Israel, or the United States. The developments highlight the complex interplay of security, legal, and economic issues in the ongoing Israel-Lebanon negotiations.