Israeli Researchers Develop "Sponge" to Absorb and Degrade Oil Spills

Researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev have created an innovative aerogel material designed to tackle oil spills. This porous sponge, made from cellulose fibers derived from recycled paper products like newspapers and egg cartons, can both absorb hydrocarbons and accelerate their biological breakdown.

In laboratory tests, the aerogel demonstrated a remarkable capacity, absorbing between 80 and 100 times its own weight in various oil-based pollutants, including crude oil, fuel, and tar. The material is enhanced with nitrogen and phosphorus, essential nutrients that stimulate the growth of oil-eating bacteria. This provides a surface for these microorganisms to attach to and efficiently consume the pollutants.

This dual-action approach offers immediate containment of oil slicks and promotes their gradual degradation. Project leader Professor Ariel Kushmaro stated that the oil could potentially be eliminated within two to three weeks. The aerogel is hydrophobic, biodegradable, and floats on water, making it suitable for aerial deployment in open-sea spills.

The research team aims for the material to be carried on ships for rapid response to leaks. While the technology is currently undergoing patenting, it has only been tested in laboratory settings. Further real-world trials, including in a polluted marina, are necessary before potential commercialization. Energy company Shell has reportedly expressed interest in the invention.