Kibbutz Movement Debates New Settlements Amidst Ideological Divide

A debate is raging within the Kibbutz Movement over the establishment of new settlements, particularly concerning their location and purpose. The movement, which aims to re-establish new kibbutzim after a 40-year hiatus, is divided on whether to focus on the Negev and Galilee or the Jordan Valley. One faction, led by former IDF General Gal Shohami, is pushing to establish a new settlement called 'Shelahevet' in the Arad Valley in the Negev. Shohami and his group of 25 families are prepared to live in temporary housing for three years and aim to create a self-sustaining community with agricultural production, contrasting with what they see as the government's preference for non-productive "bedroom communities."

This initiative aligns with a government call for new community settlements in the Negev, but Shohami faces bureaucratic hurdles and a conceptual disagreement with planning authorities. He believes that only by establishing productive, ideologically driven settlements can quality population be attracted to the challenging Negev region and fulfill Zionist ideals.

The broader ideological conflict within the Kibbutz Movement, which now includes the Religious Kibbutz Movement, centers on the identity of the movement in 2026. A key point of contention is whether the Jordan Valley is a suitable location for new kibbutzim. Ilan Gazit advocates for settlements in the Jordan Valley, viewing it as a "peace-loving agricultural settlement" that would strengthen Israel's eastern border and align with the visions of Yitzhak Rabin and Yigal Allon.

Conversely, Itai Gonal argues for establishing new kibbutzim in the Negev and Galilee, expressing concern that settlements in the Jordan Valley could jeopardize future peace agreements and negatively impact Palestinians. He insists that government policy decisions should not be obstructed by settlement initiatives and opposes the establishment of "non-messianic or secular settlements."

This debate echoes historical discussions within the movement, such as the establishment of settlements in the Golan Heights. A proposed compromise, similar to past resolutions, suggests that settlements in potentially disputed areas would be established with the understanding that they could be evacuated if a peace agreement necessitates it. The movement is also reviving the Nahal (Fighting Pioneer Youth) program, establishing new Nahal groups to engage in agricultural work, youth guidance, and to strengthen communities along Israel's eastern border.