Palestinian Armed Groups Form Political Alliance Ahead of November Elections

Nearly two decades after the last Palestinian Legislative Council elections, new elections are scheduled for November 28, 2026, with a potential major shift underway. Hamas, Islamic Jihad, the reformist faction of Fatah linked to Mohammed Dahlan, and other factions are negotiating to form a "national alliance" to contest the vote. This emerging coalition may also include the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, the Democratic Front, Popular Resistance Committees, and independent candidates.

The key development is the possible legitimization of armed groups like Hamas and Islamic Jihad as political players. Hamas has declared its intention to participate within the broadest possible coalition, with senior official Hossam Badran stating the list will include diverse Palestinian societal elements. Islamic Jihad, traditionally focused on military struggle and excluded from elections, may also join, marking a significant change in their political role.

Despite their designation as terrorist organizations by the US and others, these groups now seek to enter governance through elections without renouncing their armed wings. The move aims to bridge the political divide between the West Bank and Gaza and create a more inclusive Palestinian government. However, Israel and some international actors face a dilemma over whether electoral participation grants these groups political legitimacy.

Reactions from Gaza reflect this divide: Hamas-affiliated Ismail Thawabta welcomed the alliance as a step toward national partnership and an alternative to decision-making monopolies. The alliance’s goals include combating corruption, preventing political exclusion, and addressing West Bank-Gaza relations. Yet, Fatah has rejected joint lists with Hamas, preparing to run independently.

Preparations continue, with the Palestinian Central Elections Commission reporting 87.2% voter registration in the West Bank, totaling over 1.62 million registered voters. However, deep factional disagreements persist, and the alliance’s final formation remains uncertain. Palestinian analyst Alaa Rimawi outlined two scenarios: election postponement due to disputes or elections proceeding with the new alliance achieving significant success, potentially reshaping Palestinian leadership and the role of armed factions. Dr. Ali Abu Rzak warned that the alliance itself could threaten the elections’ viability, as internal Fatah splits might lead to broader political conflict reminiscent of 2021.