Rabbi Barak Shergai Challenges Historical Belief Linking Foundation Stone to Dome of the Rock

Rabbi Barak Shergai, in his book 'Noyo Shel Olam,' argues that the Foundation Stone (Even HaShtiya) is actually a movable stone unrelated to the rock beneath the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem. He claims that this long-held association is a historical error perpetuated by tradition rather than verified fact.

Shergai explains that prominent Jewish sages over the centuries could not personally verify the stone's location due to prohibitions against entering the Temple Mount and restrictions imposed by authorities. Consequently, the connection between the Foundation Stone and the Dome of the Rock was based on hearsay, as noted by Rabbi Ovadia of Bertinoro and the Hatam Sofer, who acknowledged the rumor but admitted they could not confirm it.

Contrary to common belief that the Temple stood at the highest point of the Temple Mount beneath the Dome of the Rock, Shergai cites Talmudic and biblical sources indicating the Temple was actually built slightly lower, at a site called Ein Atam. This site, located on the southern slope of the mount, was the source of water for the Temple and not the summit where the Dome stands.

Shergai references interpretations from the Talmud, Rashi, and other medieval commentators who describe the Temple's location as "between the shoulders" of the mountain rather than its peak. The prophecy in Ezekiel about a future Temple on the mount's summit is understood as a vision for the future, not the historical reality.

This research challenges the foundational narrative about the Temple Mount's geography and the identity of the Foundation Stone, suggesting a need to reconsider traditional assumptions. Further exploration of the location of Ein Atam and its significance is promised in upcoming writings.

The article was written by historian and lecturer Israel Shapira, who specializes in the history and geography of the Land of Israel.