Pakistan Declines Direct Military Role in Saudi Arabia's Yemen Conflict
Saudi Arabia's security situation has been further complicated as Pakistan, a signatory to a new defense pact, has indicated it will not engage in direct combat alongside Riyadh against the Houthi rebels. This follows a similar refusal from the United States to intervene militarily. A Pakistani Foreign Ministry representative, Sajjad Haider Khan, stated that military action under the "Mecca Agreement," signed in August, is not currently under discussion, though Islamabad remains committed to the treaty for future opportune moments. This stance presents a significant challenge for Saudi Arabia, which is seeking allied support amid the escalating conflict in Yemen and attacks on its territory.
The Mecca Agreement, involving Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey, is based on the principle of collective defense, where an attack on one member is considered an attack on all. However, the current crisis highlights that this principle does not guarantee automatic military intervention from partners. Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman had previously requested direct military assistance from U.S. President Donald Trump, who instead offered intelligence and targeting support.
Pakistan's cautious approach stems from its complex geopolitical position. While valuing its strategic relationship with Saudi Arabia, Islamabad is keen to avoid confrontation with Iran, which backs the Houthis. Pakistan is also attempting to mediate between Tehran and its adversaries. This week, Pakistan conveyed Saudi Arabia's demand to Iran to influence the Houthis and de-escalate tensions. Additionally, Pakistan's army chief, Asim Munir, held talks with Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, signaling a diplomatic rather than military focus.
For Saudi Arabia, this means a second key partner is unwilling to provide the direct military support it desires. The situation is exacerbated by the Houthis' advance along Yemen's coast, nearing the strategic Bab el-Mandeb Strait, a crucial maritime route. Increased Houthi control over this area poses risks to shipping, Saudi energy infrastructure, and Red Sea trade.
The developments also have direct implications for Israel, as Houthi advances near the Bab el-Mandeb could threaten maritime traffic to Eilat if attacks on vessels expand. The new defense alliance faces its primary test not in its text, but in the willingness of its members to uphold commitments during a real crisis. The current situation has sent an alarming signal to Riyadh, with Pakistan effectively distancing itself from direct military involvement, mirroring the U.S. response.
