Studies Reveal How Air Conditioning Impacts Health and How to Use It Safely

In Israel's hot summers, air conditioning is essential but improper use can cause dry eyes, respiratory irritation, worsen allergies and asthma, and affect indoor air quality. A 2024 comprehensive review in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that the main health issues stem not from air conditioning itself but from poor ventilation, inadequate maintenance, and dirty filters in enclosed spaces.

The study emphasizes regular filter cleaning, proper ventilation, and maintaining good air quality to reduce respiratory symptoms, especially for allergy and asthma sufferers. Contrary to common belief, air conditioning does not cause colds, which are viral, but prolonged exposure to cold, dry air can dry nasal and throat mucous membranes, weakening the body's defense against pathogens.

Air conditioning reduces humidity, often causing dry eyes, throat, cracked lips, and skin dryness, particularly affecting contact lens wearers and those with dry eyes. Dirty filters can accumulate dust, pollen, mold, and other pollutants, worsening symptoms like coughing, runny nose, eye irritation, and shortness of breath in sensitive individuals. However, well-maintained AC units with HEPA or high-efficiency filters can reduce airborne allergens such as dust mites.

Experts advise setting AC temperatures between 24 and 26 degrees Celsius to avoid discomfort and muscle pain from sudden temperature changes, which can be especially hard on the elderly and chronically ill. Opening windows briefly to refresh indoor air helps reduce pollutant buildup. Additional recommendations include avoiding direct airflow to the face or body, staying hydrated, and performing regular maintenance.

Dr. Lee Erez, a family medicine specialist at Maccabi Health Services Northern District, concludes that air conditioning is not harmful when used correctly. It helps prevent heat stress and heatstroke, particularly in vulnerable populations like infants, children, the elderly, and those with chronic illnesses. Proper use and upkeep allow people to enjoy the benefits of air conditioning without health risks.