Archaeologists Fully Uncover Central Bimah of Vilna Great Synagogue Destroyed by Nazis

Recent archaeological excavations at the Great Synagogue of Vilna in Lithuania have fully uncovered its impressive central bimah, a key feature of the historic synagogue. The site, associated with the Vilna Gaon and destroyed by the Nazis during World War II, was later further damaged by the Soviet regime about 70 years ago. The discoveries include parts of the prayer hall, the women's section, colorful terrazzo floors, seating plaques with worshippers' names, and a metal plate inscribed with the Ten Commandments.

The excavation project, ongoing since 2011 and now in its sixth season, is led by the Lithuanian excavation company and the Lithuanian Antiquities Authority, funded by the Goodwill Foundation and supported by the Lithuanian Jewish community. The removal of an old school building that had covered the synagogue allowed archaeologists to reveal extensive and continuous sections of the prayer hall floor and other significant finds, providing a personal connection to the community that worshipped there for centuries.

Among the findings were dozens of plaques marking fixed seats for men, women, and members of a major charity society involved in managing the Jewish community. One notable plaque commemorated a seat donated by Gitl Kletzk, wife of the late Yehezkel, the synagogue's shamash (caretaker), indicating the prominence of the Kletzk family in local business and communal affairs. The metal plate with the Ten Commandments further highlights the religious life centered in the synagogue.

The project aims to preserve the synagogue's remains, make them accessible to the public, and develop the site for the benefit of Lithuania's Jewish community and visitors. Virtual reconstructions of the prayer hall and bimah have also been created to enhance understanding of the synagogue's historical significance.