Israeli Anthropologist Explores Cultural Perceptions of Invasive Species and Their Integration

In Israel, the common myna bird is widely recognized as an invasive species, ranking second in prevalence among local birds and often symbolizing the concept of invasive species. Scientifically, invasive species are defined as non-native plants or animals introduced by humans that establish, reproduce, and spread in new environments, sometimes displacing native species. However, anthropologist Dr. Liron Shani from the Hebrew University highlights that cultural perceptions complicate these definitions, as some species considered invasive ecologically are embraced culturally, while others are rejected.

Dr. Shani and his students study how cultural attitudes influence whether a species is accepted as part of the local ecosystem. For example, the cactus, originally from Mexico, is culturally seen as a symbol of Israeli identity, despite being a non-native species. Similarly, the invasive myna bird is disliked both ecologically and culturally, whereas the nutria, another invasive species introduced in the 1950s for fur farming, is popular due to its perceived cuteness, illustrating the concept of "charismatic species."

The eucalyptus tree presents a unique case where cultural attachment clashes with ecological concerns. Introduced during the British Mandate to drain swamps, it is strongly associated with Zionist pioneers and Israeli landscapes. Yet, recent ecological findings show eucalyptus spreading invasively in some wet areas, prompting uproar over removal efforts due to public affection.

Dr. Shani emphasizes that understanding invasive species requires integrating ecological data with social and cultural contexts to develop effective conservation strategies. He also questions when a species ceases to be considered foreign, citing the cactus’s 300-year presence and the reintroduction of wild boars in the Negev, which, despite being native, are increasingly viewed as nuisances by locals.

He concludes that environmental science and policy must incorporate cultural perceptions and human-nature relationships to address invasive species and conservation challenges effectively.