Israeli Parliament Approves Basic Law on Torah Study Amid Fierce Political Backlash

The Israeli Knesset approved the Basic Law on Torah Study in a first reading on July 1, 2026, with 63 votes in favor and 53 against, sparking intense political controversy. The law aims to recognize Torah study as a fundamental value, but critics argue it effectively legalizes draft evasion and undermines national security and social cohesion.

Opposition members strongly condemned the legislation. Former IDF Chief of Staff Gadi Eizenkot called it a direct attack on Israel's national backbone, accusing the coalition of prioritizing government survival over the strength of the military and society. Democratic Party MK Gilad Kariv criticized Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, referencing the October 7 attacks and accusing him of failing the country. Yair Lapid and Avigdor Lieberman also denounced the law, with Lieberman labeling it a "stain" on the coalition responsible for the October 7 tragedy and accusing Netanyahu of dismantling the IDF and Israeli society to maintain political power.

Military reservists and other opposition MKs described the law as a betrayal of soldiers who serve, with some pledging to repeal it in the next government. They argued the law deepens societal divisions and harms the country's resilience.

In contrast, ultra-Orthodox coalition parties welcomed the law as a historic correction that restores honor to Torah study. MK Moshe Gafni, the bill’s sponsor, said the law was necessary to counteract recent disrespect toward Torah learners and to protect them from arrest. Shas leader Aryeh Deri hailed the legislation as a recognition of Torah's supreme value and the spiritual foundation of the Jewish people. Other Haredi leaders emphasized that Torah study is the highest national value, even above military service.

The law's passage highlights the deep political and social rifts in Israel regarding military conscription, religious status, and national identity, with no immediate resolution expected. Opposition leaders vow to challenge the law in the next Knesset session.