Donald Trump signed two executive orders on Monday aimed at accelerating quantum computing development in the United States and preparing defenses against its future risks. Quantum computers are expected in theory to solve complex problems far faster than conventional supercomputers, but technical and physical barriers have so far prevented a functional machine despite decades of investment.
The first order directs federal agencies, including the Energy Department and its national laboratories, to work with private companies and academic researchers to build and operate a quantum computer strong enough for scientific research by 2028. As part of that effort, the Energy Department must identify the technical specifications needed to meet the target. The administration hopes the system will become a stepping stone to larger machines capable of business applications.
That order also tells the Commerce and Defense Departments to deploy quantum sensors over the next five years. These sensors use quantum mechanics and could offer an alternative to traditional satellite navigation systems, with uses in space exploration and on battlefields where GPS signals are disrupted.
The second order instructs federal agencies and government security experts to prepare for quantum systems that could break current encryption standards sooner than expected. The goal is to strengthen cyber defenses for government and private computer systems and prevent hackers from using theoretical quantum computers to damage critical infrastructure. Agencies are told to develop quantum-resistant systems by 2031, four years earlier than the timeline set under President Joe Biden. Trump said at the signing, “We are going to invest in America’s quantum leadership like never before,” and added that the orders would increase the country’s lead in the field. IBM CEO Arvind Krishna and Google President Ruth Porat attended the ceremony.
