Early Detection and Lifestyle Changes Can Reverse Prediabetes Risk, Says Dr. Itay Gal
Dr. Itay Gal highlights the importance of two simple blood tests, fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), in early detection of prediabetes before symptoms appear. Fasting glucose measures blood sugar after several hours without food, while HbA1c reflects average blood sugar levels over the past three months, providing complementary insights. Both tests can be influenced by various factors, but together they offer a clearer picture of glucose metabolism.
Key risk factors for prediabetes include abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, high-calorie and processed carbohydrate diets, family history, age, poor sleep, sleep apnea, stress, fatty liver, and metabolic syndrome. Women with a history of gestational diabetes or polycystic ovary syndrome are also at higher risk. Notably, even individuals who do not appear overweight can develop prediabetes due to visceral fat, low muscle mass, or genetics.
Prediabetes represents a critical window of opportunity where lifestyle changes can significantly reduce progression to diabetes. Losing 5% to 10% of body weight, engaging in regular physical activity such as daily walking and strength training, and improving diet quality can enhance insulin sensitivity. Dr. Gal emphasizes that physical activity improves glucose regulation beyond calorie burning, and dietary adjustments should focus on reducing sugary drinks, refined grains, and processed foods while increasing vegetables, legumes, whole grains, protein, nuts, and olive oil. Managing stress and establishing sustainable routines are also crucial.
In some high-risk cases, doctors may prescribe metformin alongside lifestyle changes, especially for younger patients with significant obesity or rising glucose levels. However, medication is an adjunct, not a substitute for healthy habits. Ongoing monitoring of blood sugar, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, and liver function is essential, as prediabetes often coexists with other metabolic risks.
Dr. Gal stresses that prediabetes is not a failure but a warning sign that can be reversed or improved with modest, consistent efforts. Early symptoms warrant prompt medical evaluation to rule out diabetes. Ultimately, understanding and responding to prediabetes can help individuals change their health trajectory and reduce future complications.
