Nine Months After Gaza War Deal, Most Key Provisions Remain Unfulfilled

Nine months following the agreement that ended the Gaza war, a detailed review by N12 reveals a complex reality: while the return of hostages has been completed, nearly all other clauses aimed at shaping Gaza's future remain stalled. Hamas continues to control much of Gaza, refusing to disarm despite significant military losses during the war. The organization reportedly maintains about 27,000 armed members and continues to recruit and manufacture weapons covertly.

Promises of Gaza's redevelopment and reconstruction have not materialized substantially. The UN Development Programme estimates that rebuilding Gaza will cost around $70 billion and take decades, with over 55 million tons of rubble needing removal before reconstruction can begin. Gulf states, including Saudi Arabia and the UAE, have withheld major financial aid pending Hamas's disarmament.

Partial implementation occurred regarding the cessation of hostilities and the return of living hostages within 72 hours of agreement acceptance, though the return of all fallen soldiers was delayed until January 2026. Israel has released Palestinian prisoners as part of the deal. However, the envisioned technocratic Palestinian committee to govern Gaza under international supervision has not taken control, with Hamas retaining authority and security enforcement.

Humanitarian aid has increased significantly, with about 600 trucks entering Gaza daily, but Hamas reportedly diverts some supplies for its own benefit. The international stabilization force (ISF), intended to support Palestinian police and secure borders, has not been deployed due to ongoing disputes and Hamas's refusal to disarm. Israel maintains operational control over approximately 65% of Gaza territory.

Economic development plans, including the "New Gaza" vision presented by Jared Kushner in January 2026, remain largely unrealized, pending security arrangements and Hamas's disarmament. Cross-border movement through Rafah operates under strict controls, limiting residents' freedom of movement. Efforts for interfaith dialogue and political progress toward Palestinian self-determination and peace talks have not advanced.

In summary, while the hostage return was fulfilled, the majority of the agreement's security, governance, reconstruction, and political provisions remain unimplemented, leaving Gaza's future uncertain.