Israeli Parliament Approves Gender-Segregated Advanced Degree Tracks Amid Academic Concerns

The Knesset Education Committee recently approved a controversial amendment to the Student Rights Law allowing gender-segregated advanced academic degree programs (master's and doctoral levels) in Israel. Initiated by MK Limor Son-Her Melk from Otzma Yehudit, the law permits separation only within classrooms, not in public academic spaces. Participation is voluntary, and institutions must obtain specific approval from the Council for Higher Education (CHE) to offer such tracks. Teaching staff gender segregation is not allowed, and lecturers may teach mixed-gender classes.

Previously, gender-segregated tracks were mostly limited to undergraduate studies for ultra-Orthodox students under special arrangements. Supporters argue the amendment removes barriers for religious and ultra-Orthodox students, enabling broader access to higher education. MK Son-Her Melk stated the law will advance women from sectors historically lacking opportunities. Roy Asaf, head of the Government Authority for Socioeconomic Development of the Ultra-Orthodox Sector, said it will increase employment prospects for ultra-Orthodox women. CHE representative Ron Kutin highlighted the significant underrepresentation of ultra-Orthodox academics, with only 13% compared to 46% in the general population.

Opposition parties and university leaders strongly oppose the legislation, fearing it will deepen gender segregation, harm women's equality, and degrade academic quality. They warn that extending segregation to advanced degrees, which focus on research and labs, is unnecessary and could lead to "second-class degrees," especially in women-only tracks. Critics also caution that economic incentives may pressure institutions to open segregated tracks despite objections.

During committee discussions, third-sector voices expressed mixed views. Yael Yahieli, CEO of Initiative 5050, supported integration but criticized the law as granting further autonomy to the ultra-Orthodox without promoting real inclusion. The committee's legal advisor, Tami Sela, acknowledged the law’s legitimate goals but emphasized that CHE’s discretion ensures proportionality and that the amendment does not legally permit discrimination against female lecturers.

The law’s final approval marks a significant shift in Israeli higher education policy, with ongoing debates expected over its social and academic implications.