Israeli Researchers Explore Water Cooling to Boost Solar Panel Efficiency
In recent years, the installation of solar energy systems has surged in Israel and worldwide, intensifying efforts to maximize electricity generation from sunlight. A significant challenge for solar panels is the heat generated by solar radiation itself; as panel temperature rises, their efficiency declines. Research shows that above 25 degrees Celsius, each additional degree can reduce panel output by about 0.5%, mainly due to a drop in the electrical voltage produced by the solar cells.
This temperature-related efficiency loss is particularly impactful for large solar farms operating over extensive areas and long periods, where even small percentage gains in output can significantly increase energy production and reduce costs. In Israel’s hot climate, passive cooling methods like spacing panels to allow air circulation are common but insufficient to fully address the problem.
A novel approach is being studied by graduate students at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, led by Prof. Vitaly Gitis and energy consultant Meirav Pines Samar. Their project investigates submerging solar panels in shallow water (4-5 cm deep) to leverage water’s high heat capacity for cooling. Preliminary findings suggest this method could boost electricity output by approximately 15% by reducing cell temperature and optical reflection.
The idea was inspired by a visit to Carrar, a startup in the western Negev that cools electric vehicle batteries by immersion in liquid coolant. The students adapted this concept to photovoltaic panels, exploring its feasibility despite economic and water usage considerations. They anticipate future solar technologies will combine multiple cooling strategies, including advanced optical coatings and AI-driven thermal management systems, to enhance panel performance amid changing climate conditions.
Meirav Pines Samar emphasized Israel’s unique combination of need and technological capability to develop such innovative solutions. This research highlights how cross-disciplinary ideas can drive advancements in renewable energy efficiency.
