Astronomers Detect Atmosphere Around Rocky Exoplanet in Habitable Zone
Astronomers have identified an atmosphere around LHS 1140 b, a rocky exoplanet located 48 light-years from Earth in its star's habitable zone, where temperatures could allow liquid water to exist. This discovery marks the first direct detection of an atmosphere containing helium around a rocky planet outside our solar system. LHS 1140 b is notable for being the first rocky exoplanet found with an atmosphere while also residing in the so-called "habitable zone," a region considered essential for life as we know it.
The exoplanet was initially discovered in 2017 by a team led by astronomer Jason Dittmann, who is now a co-author of the new study. Lead researcher Colin Chubb, who recently earned his PhD from Harvard University, expressed excitement about the finding, emphasizing its significance for astrobiology and the search for life. The planet orbits a red dwarf star, which is smaller and cooler than the Sun, but its closer orbit maintains temperatures suitable for liquid water.
While the planet's surface remains unobserved, researchers believe it likely has water and a rocky composition with a probable iron core. The presence of an atmosphere capable of producing a greenhouse effect increases the chances that conditions on LHS 1140 b could support liquid water and potentially life. This discovery challenges previous assumptions that intense radiation from red dwarf stars would strip atmospheres from orbiting rocky planets.
The research team, including Israeli and American scientists, highlights LHS 1140 b as a prime candidate for future observations, particularly with advanced instruments like the James Webb Space Telescope. Understanding its atmosphere and internal structure could improve knowledge about the habitability of exoplanets and the potential for life beyond Earth. Dr. Lev Tal-Or from Ariel University noted that each new Earth-like planet discovery brings humanity closer to answering whether life exists elsewhere in the universe.
