Invasive Toxic Pufferfish Threatens Mediterranean Coasts, Prompting Urgent Control Measures

A dangerous invasive fish species, the silver pufferfish, is rapidly spreading across the Mediterranean Sea, threatening coastal regions from Greece and Cyprus to Israel. The fish entered the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal and has been proliferating quickly, a trend scientists link to rising sea temperatures and increased salinity. Known for its sharp teeth capable of tearing cans and even severing fingers, the pufferfish carries a potent neurotoxin called tetrodotoxin, which can cause severe poisoning and even death.

In Israel, the fish has begun to dominate coastal waters, with a recent case in Netanya where a dog became seriously ill after licking one. Medical experts warn that early symptoms of poisoning include vomiting, weakness, and muscle tremors, which can escalate to respiratory paralysis and immediate life-threatening conditions. The Israel Nature and Parks Authority reports the fish is frequently caught in fishing nets but often discarded on beaches, posing risks to children and pets who might come into contact with them.

Greek authorities are treating the pufferfish as a significant beach hazard. The Greek Red Cross issued urgent warnings following multiple attacks on swimmers, including a recent incident where an elderly woman required stitches after being bitten. Fishermen in Greece report severe damage to their nets caused by the fish’s biting, with some expressing despair over their livelihoods. To combat the invasion, 2.5 kilometers of floating barriers have been installed around several bays on the island of Evia to block the fish’s movement.

Cyprus launched a government incentive program in 2024, offering financial rewards to fishermen who help eradicate the species, resulting in the destruction of over 100 tons of pufferfish. Athens recently announced a similar initiative, paying five euros per kilogram of fish handed over to authorities for incineration. Authorities urge fishermen not to leave caught pufferfish on beaches to prevent accidental poisonings and advise immediate medical treatment if bitten.