Israeli Political Divide Shapes Public Views on Economy and Security Ahead of Elections

As Israel approaches elections in four months, a new report from the Jewish People Policy Institute (JPPI) reveals deep societal divisions shaped by political affiliation, particularly regarding economic perceptions and attitudes toward the ongoing conflict. The JPPI’s extensive surveys over the past two years show that while most Israelis rate the economy as moderately good, opinions vary sharply by political stance. Right-wing Israelis gave the economy an average score of 4 out of 5, centrists 2.7, left-wingers 1.4, and Arab Israelis 1.2. About two-thirds believe investing in Israel is worthwhile, with 42% endorsing long-term investment, though a third of left-wing respondents disagree.

The report also highlights optimism trends, noting that overall Israeli optimism rose from 1.2 in September 2024 to 1.6 in early 2026, with right-wing Israelis consistently more optimistic than left-wing ones. This optimism correlates with greater trust in investment. On housing, a quarter of Israelis see ages 25-29 as ideal for buying a home, making Israel one of the youngest countries globally for first-time buyers. Regarding retirement, a third favor retiring before 65, over half before 70, with notable differences between Jewish and Arab populations and among Jewish secular, religious, and ultra-Orthodox groups.

On security, the report distinguishes between attitudes toward the Iranian and Gaza fronts. During the peak of Operation Roaring Lion in March 2026, 56% felt Israel was winning, but this dropped to 38% by May, while those feeling Israel was not winning tripled from 7% to 22%. Support for the Iran strike was strong at 72%, and trust in the IDF’s senior command rose to 78%, up 14% since December 2025. Public perception of success varies by conflict arena, with higher satisfaction linked to actions in Lebanon and Iran versus Gaza.

Regarding Gaza’s future, 24% support Israeli control of the Strip for several years, 24% favor Palestinian Authority governance, and 5% accept continued Hamas rule, with right-wing Israelis predominantly supporting Israeli control and left-wing Israelis favoring Palestinian Authority rule. The report underscores that political polarization is Israel’s gravest challenge, with 55% citing division as the country’s most dangerous issue, surpassing concerns about Iran or the Palestinian conflict. Yet, most Israelis believe compromises on contentious issues like ultra-Orthodox military service and civil marriage are possible.

The JPPI’s consensus index shows 59% agree democracy means free elections plus tolerance and human rights, though this is down from 80% three years ago. Views on Israel’s Jewish character are sharply divided: 56% of right-wing Israelis say Israel is not Jewish enough, while 42% of secular Israelis say it is too Jewish. Half of secular Israelis doubt Israel is the right place for their children, reflecting broader anxieties about security and societal cohesion. The report concludes that without addressing polarization and embracing reality, Israel’s future remains uncertain.